澳洲项目管理学论文代写：绩效管理

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澳洲项目管理学论文代写：绩效管理
在当今时代，市场正在逐渐激烈，主要原因是在观察这背后的技术创新的动态变化（德国，2014）。根茨科和夏皮罗（2008）指出，在不增加在市场上的竞争的原因是由于技能和能力所带来的组织内部员工支持Woodbury的研究。同样，它由Bakker和Schaufeli（2008）指出，技术市场和人才已经成为稀缺资源，也成为企业留住关键员工很关键，这是最具有挑战性的任务。基于（2007）提到，有效的公司员工，是最具影响力和战略组织可以拥有的内部资源。有了这种类型的劳动力，一个组织也可以成为能够支配他们的对手的权力。因此，在市场竞争的目的，组织必须有适当的管理他们的员工的技能，为此，它是必不可少的组织设计有效和高效的绩效管理系统，其业务战略。本次作业的目的是为了揭示绩效管理体系作为组织制定和实施管理和留住关键员工的有效经营战略的重要性之一。这个任务的目的是评估绩效管理系统及其对组织的潜在后果的作用。
绩效管理系统
据雪佛兰和Browne的研究（2005），绩效管理系统是指一个系统通过经理评估和确保组织的目标始终如一的坚持在最有利可图的方式保持员工绩效。该系统作为一种工具，通过它不仅盈利能力的组织提高，但是，它也发挥了重要作用，激励员工对自己的职责和责任。从阿吉尼斯强烈的透视（2009），它强调的是，存在的绩效管理体系，提高组织绩效之间的密切联系。员工管理的绩效越好，生产力越好，从而增强组织在市场中的地位。

澳洲项目管理学论文代写：绩效管理
In today’s era, the markets are getting intense gradually and the main reason observed behind this was the dynamic changes in technological innovations (Woodbury, 2014). Gentzkow and Shapiro (2008) did not supported the study of Woodbury by stating that the reason behind increased competition in the marketplace was due to the skills and competencies that are brought by employees within an organization. Similarly, it has stated by Bakker and Schaufeli (2008) that the market of skilled and qualified workforce has become scarce and it becomes very crucial for organizations to retain their key employees, which is the most challenging task. Bhatnagar (2007) mentioned that effective and spirited workforce is the most influential and strategic internal resources an organization could have. With such type of workforce, an organization can also become capable of dominating power over their rivals. Consequently, with the purpose of competing in the marketplace, organizations must have the skills to manage their employees appropriately and for this, it is essential for organizations to design effective and efficient performance management systems as their business strategy. This assignment has written in order to shed a light on the importance of performance management system as one of the effective business strategy that an organization can formulate and implement to manage and retain its key employees. The aim of this assignment is to evaluate role of performance management systems and its potential consequences on organizations.
Performance Management System
According to the study of Folan and Browne (2005), performance management system refers to a system through which managers assess and maintains performance of an employee by ensuring that organizational goals have consistently met in a most lucrative manner. The system acts as a tool through which not only profitability of organizations has enhanced; however, it also played an important role in motivating employees towards their duties and responsibilities. From strong perspective of Aguinis (2009), it is highlighted that there exists a strong linkage between performance management system and the improve performance of an organization. The better the performance of employees has managed; the better will be the productivity, which thereby strengthens position of an organization in the market.

澳洲新闻学论文代写：新闻的可信度

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澳洲新闻学论文代写：新闻的可信度

社会媒体对新闻业有重要影响，这给来源带来了一些信誉问题。现在真正的问题不在于社交媒体网站上以Twitter或者状态形式出现的新闻信息。真正的问题是关于记者的信誉（Anon，2013）。今天的消息是关于一名被北查尔斯顿警察枪杀的男子。这个录像带已经提供给纽约时间，他们已经在他们的网站上发布了这个视频。现在的问题是为什么那个警察会在交通过程中杀死一个手无寸铁的男人。问题仍然是辩论，但我们已经介绍了这个帖子的下一部分将介绍的故事的其他一些方面。这是关于新闻的可信度，因为这个故事遍布互联网，这在今天变得越来越普遍（Anon，2015）。人们在互联网上发布视频，而不必确认新闻的真实性，然后人们盲目追随。

这个背上杀人罪名的警察被全国人民怎样看待，但新闻频道并不让我发布视频。现在重要的是要注意，这个视频应该贴在Twitter的个人账户上。发布这个视频的主要原因是这个拍摄背后的障碍，为什么这个人被杀。如果这个消息在互联网上，它将会变得病毒。这将给警方造成很大的压力，他们将开始调查案件。他们的犹豫将停止，他们将开始在这个案件上工作，因为社交网站的压力。

澳洲新闻学论文代写：新闻的可信度

Social media has an important impact on journalism and this is bringing some credibility issues to the sources. Now the real question is not about the news information that is present on social media websites in the form of tweets or status. The real question is about the credibility of the journalist (Anon, 2013). News breaking for today is about a man who has been shot by the police officer in North Charleston. This video footage has been provided to New York time and they have posted this on their website. Now the question is why would that police officer kills a man who was unarmed and right in the middle of the traffic. The question still becomes the debate but we have covered some other aspects of the story that will be covered in the next part of this post. It is about the credibility of the news because the story is all over the internet and this is becoming common today (Anon, 2015). People post videos on the internet without confirming about the truthfulness of the news and then people follow it blindly.

This potage of the man killed on his back needs to be viewed by people all around the country but the news channel is not letting me post the video. Now it is important to note that this video should be posted on personal account of twitter. The main reason for posting this video is the baffle behind this shooting and why that man was killed. If this news goes on internet, it will go viral. This will put lot of pressure on the police and they will start investigating on the case. Their hesitation will stop and they will start on working on this case because of the pressure coming in from social networking sites.

 

加拿大温莎大学论文代写：新古典经济学派

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加拿大温莎大学论文代写：新古典经济学派

新古典学派的思想是基于很少的假设。首先，它假定，理性和知情的经济决策后，企业充分评估的效用的决定。消费者预计购买后的比较，这是具有最高的效用或个人价值的商品（吉尔平，2011）。消费者的基本目标是购买能提供最大个人满意度的商品。另一方面，公司为实现最大利润而努力，当双方都达到目标时，市场就会经历经济均衡的状态。
新古典学派的利润是基于风险、管理者获取更高利润的能力和经济条件的变化等因素而产生的。风险可以分为两种类型的人可以通过商业保险和其他类型的风险是那些不能为没有保险可以投保（Cwik，2011）。利润率不同由于不确定的市场普遍存在的不可保险的条件。不确定性的条件是由于市场趋势的动态变化而产生的。如果市场完全竞争的假设是下降的利润在市场上可能出现的原因主要是由于垄断和垄断权力数。
新古典经济学支持企业在支付金融资本成本后赚取剩余收益的正常利润。这种情况下盈利不是真正的盈利情况，公司的收入只是其资本成本的回报不算自己做公司有看到较少或没有改善机会或扩张（louzek，2011）。垄断利润也受到新古典经济学家的青睐，在这种情况下，公司正在处理进入行业的法律和实际的障碍。

加拿大温莎大学论文代写：新古典经济学派

Neo-classical school of thought operates on the basis of few assumptions. Firstly, it is assumed that rational and well informed economic decisions are made by the firms after fully evaluating the utility of the decisions. Consumers are expected to purchase the goods after comparison which is having highest utility or personal value for them (Gilpin, 2011). The basic aim of consumers is to purchase goods that can provide them maximum personal satisfaction. On the other hand, companies work for achieving maximum profits and when both the concerned parties achieves their goals the market experiences the state of economic equilibrium.
Profits according to neo-classical school of thought is based on various factors such as risk, ability of the managers for attaining higher profits and changes in the economic conditions. The risks can be of two types ones which can be insured by the businesses and another type of risks are those which cannot be insured as no insurance is available for them (Cwik, 2011). Rate of profitability differs due to the conditions of uncertainty prevailing in the market which cannot be insured. The conditions of uncertainty arise due to the dynamic changes in market trends. If the assumption of perfect competition is dropped profits in the market may arise out of number of reasons mainly due to powers of monopoly and monopsony.
Neo-classical economists’ supports normal profits which arise when the firm earns surplus amount of revenue after paying off the costs of financial capital. This situation of profit earning is not the real profit earning situation as firms which are earning just returns on their cost of capital does not count themselves as well doing firms as there are less or no chances for improvement or expansion are seen (Louzek, 2011). Monopoly profits are also favored by the neo-classical economists for the situations in which the firms are dealing with legal and practical barriers of entry into the industry.

澳洲论文代写：办公楼规划

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澳洲论文代写：办公楼规划

准备部分和程序设立的修道院的房子建筑在这个报告中描述。模型被从办公室否则称为OAMF住宿管理框架。OAMF包含策略、方法,练习和规则对政府组织在连接创建办公室方便的需求,获取和安装合适的空间,使用空间成功和应对解决变化的过程。

对比和重要的资本财产,例如,建筑,街道,和水坝,工作场所准备,工作场所的工作环境可能会有一个非常少的生命周期。尽管生活实际股权罗盘30多年前恢复或适应,也许会接受一个办公室藐视非常少寿命高达15代,然而容易忍受调整和重新安排几个日期在那个时代. .

不仅对保证,因此重要的是投机适合入门藐视几乎和财政,由另外的藐视和建造的多功能性以及功利主义把大财务精明的方式。

这些规范帮助办公室住宿管理框架和遵守稳定便利与内阁的选择。这些模型取代昆士兰政府办公室准备指南1999年11月(戴维斯,2010)。

目的:

这些规范对广告的目标和银行的安排办公室对账也是如此:

  • 安全,积极与宪法诉讼
  • 操作&经济
  • 坚定,体面的和可行的
  • 接受先进的忙碌和先进的方法

应用程序:

这些规范给常规和特别建议大纲和结构合适的办公住宿。

机构:

这些规范正常使用每一个政府部门在昆士兰S4A特点的财务管理和审计法案1977年,所有昆士兰政府法定力行为完全或部分通过昆士兰政府预算的捐赠(James e .导演奖,1992)。

澳洲论文代写：办公楼规划

The Fit-out parts and the routines for establishment in the Abbey House building are portrayed in this report. The models are taken fromthe Office Accommodation Management Framework which is otherwise called OAMF. The OAMF incorporates strategies, methodology, exercises and rules for government organizations in connection to creating office convenience needs, obtaining and the suitable spaces are fitted, using that space successfully and dealing with the settlement change process.

Contrasted and significant capital possessions, for example, structures, streets, and dams, the workplace fitout, workplace work environment might have a very less life cycle. Though real stakes have life compasses of more than 30 years ahead restoration or adaption, office flouts might accept a very less life span of up to 15 generations, yet are prone to abide adjusted and rearranged a few dates amid that era..

It has hence vital toward guarantee so, not just is the introductory flouts speculation suitable practically and fiscally, additionally so the flouts are composed along with built as versatility along with utilitarian convert in the large financially savvy way.

Those norms help the Office Accommodation Management Framework and abide steady along with office convenience which is in relation to Cabinet choices. Those models supplant the Government Office Fitout Guidelines in Queensland of November 1999 (Davies, 2010).

Objectives:

The objectives of those norms towards advertise and banking the arrangements about office reconciliations so are:

  • Safe, active & constitutionally complaint
  • Operational & Economical
  • Firmness, decent and viable
  • Accepting to advanced actions of busy and advanced methods

Application:

These norms give general and particular suggestions to the outline and constructions of appropriate office accommodation.

Agencies:

These norms employ normally to every Government Departments in Queensland as characterized in S4A of the Financial Administration and Audit Act 1977 and to all Queensland Government Statutory force which act completely or partially donated via the State Budget of Queensland (James E. Rappoport, 1992).

 

 

澳洲论文代写哪个好

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澳洲论文代写哪个好

写英语论文对有些同学而言就是一场噩梦，在忙上课、小组讨论、小测试、社团活动之外还要写论文作业，废寝忘食的写出来最后得了个D。不擅长于写论文的同学想另走僻径选择找代写，原以为这下就可以高枕无忧，妥妥的拿个A了，结果发现写手是个骗子，被骗的同学忍不住要问了，澳洲论文代写哪个好呢？哎，认真负责的写手的确是凤毛麟角不容易找。

完成一篇好论文其实挺费时间的，写之前要阅读大量的资料，英语不好的同学阅读效率又低。写作的时候还要注意词语变换形式和一些专业术语词汇的翻译，还有难度高的结构安排，旧信息引出新信息等，要顾及到所有写作要点并不是简单的事。你写出来的论文还会掺杂在一群老外中间，经过一对比自然是没有他们的语言通顺流畅，他们的英语思维也完胜你，这也就难怪留学生写得论文难得高分了。澳洲论文代写哪个好？一定要找第一语言为英语的写手，高阶论文代写机构招聘的写手都以英语为母语，多数是高校在读的硕士生和本科生，对他们的论文写作能力也进行了审核，只有擅长写论文的同学才能进入高阶，高阶对写手完成的论文会审查以确保他们没有抄袭，或者是拼凑敷衍，高阶其实也起到了第三方监督的作用。

当然论文写作能力是可以慢慢锻炼提高的，同学们可以把自己写好的论文交给高阶修改，由专业的老师指出缺点后，经过修改论文会更出彩。经过多年的发展，高阶也在完善提高自己的服务能力，集论文辅导和论文代写于一体，代写流程也是更加的规范化，高阶的目标就是希望有同学在问澳洲论文代写哪个好时会有更多的人推荐高阶。-6

澳洲柏拉瑞特大学论文代写：国家预算

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澳洲柏拉瑞特大学论文代写：国家预算

任何国家的预算是和企业是不一样的，一定要做的只有估计的费用或收入在一段时间内表现的预算，但也有几个隐式和显式的意义，为各利益相关者一样，决策的基础投资者，其他国家的国内产业，最重要的是，国家公民在大。预算帮助他们了解国家如何管理和如何安全的运作，在目前的手中。

澳大利亚联邦政府最近公布的预算案旨在将利益相关者的看法转变为政府在为人民管理经济中的角色。政府在2014-2015年度298亿美元的财政赤字预算报告。这是相当少的赤字在2013-14年度报道，站在，499亿美元。（附录）

同样，净公共债务由政府拖欠的报道是2264亿美元，相当于国内生产总值的13.9%，站在2014-15年。（附录）

政府在这项预算案的开始，已明确表示，在国民经济方面的主要目标是确保他们能够把国家的财政，回到盈余。这是一个希望通过2024-25回来从十年的赤字盈余政府欢迎的方法。政府已经提出了几项削减开支的计划，计划通过临时预算修复税和限制福利支出增加收入。这项预算看起来讲得太少了，因此受到了几位经济学家的批评，他们的理由是令人吃惊的。值得注意的是，这项预算有办法实现盈余，但以牺牲人口的痛苦为代价。预算有各种规定，使我们这样说，即

1、政府已提议裁员16500名公务员。

2、为年轻失业者减少救济金的一六个月等待期。

3、养老金年龄从70上升到2035和福利减少。

4、减少家庭税收福利。

5。高油价由于燃料补贴挂钩，等等。

这些都是一些类似的问题，宣传的冲动，确保重组的预算，使所有3个方面的经济目标，即人民，企业和政府的目标，及时满足和利益没有得到妥协。

澳洲柏拉瑞特大学论文代写：国家预算

Budget for any country is not like the budget of a business which necessarily has to do with the representation of only the estimated expenses or revenues over a period of time, but is also having several implicit and explicit meanings which serve as a basis for making decisions by various stakeholders like, foreign investors, other countries, domestic industry and most importantly the citizens of the country at large. The budget helps them to understand how the country is being managed and how safe its operations are, in the current hands.

The recently declared budget of the Commonwealth Government of Australia was designed with the objective of transforming the perception of stakeholders towards the role of government in managing the economy for the people. The government reported in the budget for the fiscal 2014-2015 a deficit of $29.8 billion. This is quite less than the deficit reported in the fiscal 2013-14, which stood at, $49.9 billion. (Appendix)

Similarly, the net public debt owed by the government is reported to be $226.4 billion which stands equivalent to 13.9% of the GDP in 2014-15. (Appendix)

The Government on the onset of this budget has made it clear that there primary objective in regards to national economy is to make sure that they are able to put the nation’s finances, back to surplus. This is a welcome approach by the government which expects to be back on surplus from the decade old deficit by 2024-25. The government has proposed several spending cuts, has planned to increase the revenue by a temporary budget repair levy and confined welfare payments. This budget looks like speak much deliver less and has been thus criticised by several economists on grounds of being severely surprising. It is worth to be noted that this budget has an approach to achieve surplus but at the cost of pain on the population. The budget has various provisions which make us say so, namely

1.The government has proposed a job cut of 16500 public servants.

2.A six month waiting period for reduced dole to the young unemployed.

3.The pension age to rise to 70 from 2035 and benefits reduced.

4.Reduction in family tax benefits.

5.Higher fuel prices due to indexation of fuel subsidy, etc.

These are some of the concerns out of many more similar issues that propagate the urge of ensuring a restructuring of the budget so that the objectives of all the 3 facets of the economy i.e. the people, the corporate and the government are duly met and interests of none gets compromised.

 

 

英国克莱菲尔德大学论文代写：多元文化

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英国克莱菲尔德大学论文代写：多元文化

由于在多文化的青年学生的进步能够有效地创造新的语言，帮助他们有效地执行与其他年轻人属于不同的文化，背景，情况都是不同的国家。通过多读写使用方法的服务提供商，使学习者通过诸如视觉设计，技术先进的方式取得有效的学习纪录片，张贴在博客，符号表示，即使传统的文本作为一种手段，传达正确的学习资料，年轻的学习者（Sutherland，2004）。传统的学习方式不可替代的多识字格式无论多素养已成为著名的由于文本元素在互联网和计算机表示。
年轻的学习者只能使多识字方法只有当他们有信心和能力使用多读写跟上学术的有效利用，企业文化的要求也基本完成生活在一个全球化的世界的基本要求。不同的和先进的多媒体工具可供学习者的目的，学习和理解的课程内容（李，H.，2010）。这为年轻的学习者在适当和有效的多文化理解各种应用的一次成功的机会。所有的学生和学习者不同样受益于多文化由于不平等的因素，全球变化和它的访问相关的问题。因此，一些学生甚至难以生存在多元文化的世界提供多方面的形式。
多文化素养与媒介素养技术相结合有助于青少年文化理解和多样性的积极传递。多元文化主义的理念可以通过全世界的多种识字技术有效地传授，从而使世界成为一个多元文化的地方。通过多文化学习，学习者只有在课堂上才能真正地接触到全球文化。这与传统教学法侧重于传统文本和经典课程。多元识字是建立全球连接的先进手段，同时着眼于增加全球多样性的现实。

英国克莱菲尔德大学论文代写：多元文化

Due the advancements in multi-literacies the young learners are able to effectively create new languages which help them in effectively performing with other young minds belonging to different cultures, backgrounds, situations and above all are of different countries. Through the use of multi-literacy approaches the service providers enables the learners to acquire effective learning through technologically advanced modes such as visual designs, documentary films, postings on blogs, semiotic representations and even the traditional texts used as a means for conveying proper learning of information to the young learners (Sutherland, 2004). The traditional learning formats can never be replaced by multi-literacy formats no matter multi-literacies has become famous due to representations of textual elements on the internet and computers.
The young learners can only make the effective use of multi-literacy techniques only when they are confident and competent to use multi-literacies for keeping up with the academic, corporate and cultural demands which are also essential for accomplishing the basic demands of living in a globalized world. The different and advanced multi-media tools are available for the learners for the purposes of learning and understanding of the course content (Li, H., 2010). This provided the young learners with an opportunity for success in the proper and effective understanding of various applications of multi-literacies. All the students and learners are not equally benefitted from multi-literacies due to the factors of inequality, global shifts and issues related to its access. Thus few learners even find it difficult to survive in the world of multi-literacies with multi-facet forms.
Multi-literacy in combination with media literacy techniques help in the positive transmission of cultural understanding and diversity among the young learners. The concept of multiculturalism can be effectively taught through the multi-literacy techniques all over the world so as to make the world a multi-cultural place in real terms. Through multi-literacy the learners get real in depth exposure about the global cultures in their class rooms only. This is totally different than the traditional teaching methods of laying focus on traditional texts and classical curriculum. Multi-literacy are the advanced means for establishing a global connection while focusing on the realities of increasing global diversity.

澳洲南十字星大学论文代写：跨国企业

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澳洲南十字星大学论文代写：跨国企业

在这项研究中，澳大利亚企业在中国吸引，发展和留住人才面临的问题和挑战。根据这项研究可以说，由于需求旺盛，企业在中国经营所需人才供不应求，存在差距。文章中确定的对中国业务有利的一些因素包括聘请中国公民担任高级职务，因为这些官员的联网使公司受益。为了这个目的，海外华人回国人员，学生或工人可以为此目的就业，但难以保留，因为这些人的心态和价值观与企业的起源国有很大的不同。此外，该公司雇用的母亲国家（PCN）发现在中国环境中难以调整，从而对业务造成巨大的影响。另一个重要的一点是，中国人更加重视薪酬而不是工作文化和非货币利益，而企业的地理位置也影响到了保留（Chen和Francesco，2000）。这就是说，在三级城市，而不是一级城市，更容易保留人，因为那里有很少的选择（Melvin，2001）。因此可以说，中国人的心理学是通过这些跨国企业提供的薪资的中心重点，从跨国企业获得更多的心理。然而，中国人民所做的努力水平却是巨大的，可以说是艰苦的工作。因此，中国员工不能接受这种做法，因此可以考虑增加非货币性福利的价值。文中已经指出，非货币利益是西方管理技术在中国可能不成功的。因此，西方国家和澳大利亚跨国企业的这种差异也导致了非中国企业人才的低保留。

澳洲南十字星大学论文代写：跨国企业

In this study issues and challenges faced by Australian enterprises in attracting, development and retention of talent in China. Based on this study it can be said that there is gap due to huge demand and the supply is low of the talent that the enterprises require for their operation in China. Some of the factors that have been identified in the article that can be quite beneficial for the business in China include employing the Chinese nationals in senior positions as the companies are benefitted by the networking that is done by these officials. For this purpose overseas Chinese returnees, students or the workers can be employed for this purpose but it is difficult to retain them as the mindset and values of these people is quite different from that of the country of origin of the enterprises. Further the Parent Country Nationals (PCN) employed by the company found it difficult to adjust in Chinese environment and thus this resulted in huge impact on the business. Another important point is that the Chinese people put more emphasis on compensation rather than work culture and non monetary benefits, Further the geographical presence of the enterprises also impacted the retention (Chen and Francesco, 2000). This is to say that it is easier to retain people in Tier III cities rather than Tier I cities as there are fewer options that are available there (Melvin, 2001). Thus it can be said that the psychology of the Chinese people is to gain more from the MNEs by having central focus of the salaries offered by these MNEs. However the level of effort that is been put by the Chinese people is huge and thus can be considered to be hard worker. It can thus be considered to add value to the non-monetary benefits although such practices are not acceptable by the Chinese employees. It has been stated in the article that non monetary benefits are the western management techniques which may not be successful in China. Thus such differences in Western countries and also of Australian MNEs also result in low retention of talent by non Chinese enterprises.

 

 

美国论文代写：对外投资分析

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美国论文代写：对外投资分析

显然从图，在上世纪70年代，几乎没有外国直接投资和对外直接投资。然而，自上世纪80年代以来，中国已经有了一个持续增长率直到上世纪90年代初，下跌之后，又从2002的比例开始增加，并一直在持续增长。不过，这一比例仍远低于1。这意味着，在中国开始后，始终工作在海外发达国家的趋势，它仍然有很长的路要走。
相比其他发展中国家，可以看出所有金砖国家之间（图4），没有其他国家在增加了中国对外直接投资（OFDI）是一致的。俄罗斯是非常接近中国在对外直接投资领域从经济具有波动流出FDI。巴西和南非表现出巨大的波峰和波谷在他们的数据，但即使这样，他们不来接近中国。第二个人口最多的国家，印度近年来在这个领域已经趋于稳定。
图3和4相比，在其他四个国家的FDI和ODI的比率。该图主要集中在1985年后的趋势，因为当时的全球化浪潮已经开始促进投资在其他国家的想法。在此之前，大多数金砖国家基本上是封闭的，专注于内部发展模式。在这种情况下，巴西有一个混合的偏好，因为该比例保持振荡的小数区，偶尔振幅接近或大于1。另一方面，印度一直保持着一个分数比例，更多地关注吸引外国投资的外来投资。这可能主要是由于印度发展模式的社会主义和内向。不过俄罗斯已经比的好处，吸引FDI的最年对外直接投资比。这可能是由于事实上，俄罗斯不是一个非常吸引人的外国直接投资的位置，由于其挣扎的增长幅度，它也一直热衷于投资于其他国家。南非主要有一个分数比ODI / FDI除了当年FDI下滑厉害将比喷550。

美国论文代写：对外投资分析

As is evident from the graph, there was virtually no FDI or ODI in the 1970s. However, since the 1980s, China has had a consistently increasing ratio till the early 1990s. After a decline, the ratio started increasing again from 2002, and has been on a consistent rise. Yet, the ratio is still far below 1. It implies that while China has started following the trend of developed nations by consistently working on the ODI, it still has a long way to go.
When compared against the other developing countries, it can be seen that among all the BRICS nations (Figure 4), no other country has been as consistent as China in increasing their outward FDI (OFDI). Russia comes quite close to China in the OFDI domain but it has a very fluctuating outflow of FDI from the economy. Both Brazil and South Africa show huge peaks and troughs in their data but even then, they do not come close to China. The second most populous country, India has levelled off in the recent years when in this domain.
The figure 3 and 4 compares the ratio of ODI and FDI in the other four countries. The graph focuses largely on the trend in the years after 1985 because that’s when the wave of globalization had started promoting the idea of investing in other countries. Prior to that, most of the BRICS nations were largely closed and focused on an internal model of development. Brazil has had a mixed preference in this case because the ratio keeps oscillating in the fractional zone, with occasional amplitude of near to or greater than 1. India on the other hand, has maintained a fractional ratio focusing more on attracting inward investment that investing abroad. That can be due to largely socialistic and inward approach of the Indian development models. Russia however has been on the upside of the ratio, attracting more ODI than FDI in most years. That can be due to the fact that Russia is not a very attractive location for FDI due to its struggling pitch of growth, and it also has consistently been keen on investing in the other countries. South Africa has mostly had a fractional ratio of ODI/FDI except for the year when the FDI fell badly bringing the ratio to a spurting 550.

美国夏洛特论文代写：凯恩斯理论

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美国夏洛特论文代写：凯恩斯理论

这种实际国内产出的减少会导致经济的失业。在总需求减少的其他影响已提到以下：
财富效应：总需求减少会导致总开支减少，因为需求量减少，开支会减少
利率效应：由于价格下跌，利率会降低，因为没有投资的金额会减少。
因此，上面提到的支出削减将导致总需求减少，从而控制通货膨胀。随着预算赤字的下降，通货膨胀也会减少。同样，利率效应也会出现，因为政府可以回购债券从而降低利率。
凯恩斯理论，1930的大萧条中，认为政府支出应该增加，以位于经济需求。这已解释以上。政府可以采取的其他措施是减少税收。这将导致家庭收入，从而产生需求，这将导致经济走出衰退。这一步将使政府预算赤字，但它将促进经济增长。
然而，由于政府采取的步骤和经济的反应之间的滞后，有时还没有看到结果。凯恩斯理论的基础是财政政策。货币政策对经济也有巨大的影响。此外，正如菲利普斯曲线所解释的，滞胀导致通货膨胀和失业。这是对所假定的凯恩斯主义者。最后，经济可能无法应对减税等政策的小变化，因此支出不会增加。

美国夏洛特论文代写：凯恩斯理论

This reduction in the real domestic output can result in unemployment in the economy. The other effects of the reduction in aggregate demand have been mentioned below:
Wealth Effect: the reduction in aggregate demand will result in reduced aggregate expenditure as less quantity is demanded the spending will be reduced
Interest Rate Effect: Since the price will fall there will be reduction in interest rates as the amount not spent will be invested.
Thus the spending cuts that have been mentioned above will result in reduced aggregate demand and thus controlling inflation. Also the inflation will reduce as the budget deficit will come down. Similarly the interest rate effect will also be there as the government may buy back the bonds thus reducing the interest rates.
The Keynesian theory, during the great depression of 1930 argues that the government spending should be increased in order to situate demand in the economy. This has been explained above. The other measures that can be adopted by the government are to reduce the taxes. This will result in household income and thus will generate demand which will take the economy out of the recession. This step will take the government budget towards deficit but it will boost the growth in the economy.
However, at times the results have not been seen due to the lag that is there between the steps taken by the government and the response of economy. Further the Keynesian theory is based on fiscal policies. The monetary policy also has huge influence on the economy. Moreover, as explained by Phillips Curve, the stagflation resulted in inflation and unemployment. This is opposite of what has been postulated by Keynesians. Lastly the economy may not respond to small changes in the policies such as tax cuts and thus spending is not increased.