澳洲代写论文：凯恩斯主义
澳洲代写论文：凯恩斯主义
如上所述，澳大利亚政府的目标是到2024-25年实现预算盈余。二零一四至一五年度的财政赤字较二零一三至一四年度减少，是有关实现这个目标的承诺的强烈象征。为实现这一目标，政府正在采取措施，降低成本，增加收入，对整个人口造成不利影响。失业救济金和家庭福利税减免等措施可以为国家节约成本，但肯定会对整个人口造成巨大的动荡。
凯恩斯主义模型指出，只要政府在税收政策和政府支出方面发生变化，总需求和经济活动水平就会发生变化。凯恩斯交叉代表了总需求和总供给之间的关系。
上面的图表表示Y轴上的总需求和横轴上的总供给，即通过X轴上的输出来测量。蓝线表示总支出/需求曲线，是曲线上升，表示需求预计随着人口可支配收入的增加而上升，表示全国总产出增加。不过，如果减少政府福利和减免税收，这个上涨幅度应该会减少。
实行的失业和家庭福利减税可能会对以下微观经济变量产生影响，即：
集中经济活动的需求和水平，
经济中的储蓄和投资的模式和速度，
总收入的分配。
凯恩斯主义模型在评估财政模型总体效果方面几乎没有什么限制，
凯恩斯表示，货币政策相对无效，不能影响总需求。无论如何，许多经济学家评价货币政策在当今环境中的作用。
凯恩斯提出的财政微调是非常不现实的。对凯恩斯主义的批评，是因为财政政策很难做出微小的变化，影响到需求的稳定增长。 （Heise，2004）
凯恩斯主义模式受到严重批评，因为它总是导致国家的发展。这有时是造成低效和腐败花费的原因。
20世纪70年代，凯恩斯主义遭受了巨大的批评，并因失业率上升导致失业率和通货膨胀率上升而失宠。其原因是经济学供给方面的无知，现在被视为经济中的一个重要变数。 （Wickrey，1984）
澳洲代写论文：凯恩斯主义
As discussed above, the Australian government is aiming towards achieving a budget surplus by 2024-25. The reduction in the fiscal deficit of 2014-15 from that of 2013-14 is a strong symbol of its commitments towards achieving this goal. The government for achieving this goal is taking up measures to reduce cost and increase revenue in pace that is becoming detrimental to the population at large. The measures like reduction in the unemployment benefits and family benefit tax may enable savings of cost to the state but are sure to crop in a massive unrest to the population at large.
The Keynesian model specifies that whenever there’s a change by the government in the taxation policy and government spending, the aggregate demand and the level of economic activity are prone to change. The Keynesian cross represents the relationship persisting between the aggregate demand and the aggregate supply.
The graph above denotes the aggregate demand on the Y axis and aggregate supply on the horizontal axis i.e. is measured by the output on X axis. The blue line denotes the aggregate expenditure/demand curve and is a rising curve and signifies that the demand is expected to rise with the rise in disposable income of the population, representing an increase in the overall national output. Howsoever, this rise shall be reduced if there are reduced government benefits and lesser tax exemptions.
The practiced unemployment and family benefit tax cut may lead to an effect upon the following microeconomic variables, namely
Aggregate demand and level of economic activity,
Pattern and rate of savings and investment in the economy,
Overall distribution of income.
Few limitations of Keynesian model in evaluating the effects of fiscal model in general are,
Keynes use to state that monetary policy was relatively ineffective and incapable of influencing the aggregate demand. Howsoever, many economists appraise the role of monetary policy in today’s environment.
Fiscal fine – tuning proposed by Keynes is very unrealistic. A criticism of Keynesianism is on the ground that, it is hard to make minor changes in the fiscal policy so as to influence demand which ensures a stable growth. (Heise, 2004)
Keynesian model is heavily criticized on ground that it invariably leads to the growth of the state. This at times is a reason for higher inefficient and corrupt spending.
In 1970s, Keynesianism saw a huge criticism and went out of favor as stagflation crept up represented rise in the rate of unemployment and inflation. The reason attributed was the ignorance of supply side of economics, which now is regarded an important variable in economy. (Wickrey, 1984)
